Tosfos Kerisus 12b says the prohibition of a
kohan after
drinking only applies if he served
avodah but to merely enter the
mikdash
there is no prohibition.
This is the
opinion of the Ramban (on the
possuk 8:9 and in his attacks on
sefer
hamitzvot lavin #73.)
(One should
note that there is a rabbinic prohibition merely to enter the
Mikdash.) The
Rambam (ibid) and in Beas Mikdash 1:15 holds that there is a prohibition even
to merely enter after drinking.
The
Rambam holds the entering to the
עזרה alone is prohibited for a
kohan that grew his
hair long or had his clothes ripped as well. In Sefer Hamitzvot #73, #163 and
#164 the
issurim of a
kohan drinking wine and serving, growing
long hair and ripping their clothes, he says the prohibition is to enter the
Mikdash
that way.
However, the prohibitions
for a
zar to serve or a
kohan when he is
tamah #74-76 he
says the prohibition is to serve in the
Mikdash.
The Achronim (Bad Kodash, Mases Moshe Pesachim)
point out that we see that the Rambam holds that even though the חיוב מיתה is only for serving
in the Mikdash, it is entering the Mikdash with a תנאי of doing avodah that causes the מיתה,
not the avodah itself.
The debate between the Rambam and Ramban is if what it says
in the Mishnaos in kelim about the numerous maalos that exist
in parts of the har habais if it’s a Torah law or a rabbinic law (see
Yoma 44b.)
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