Charim: Is It Hekdesh

The possuk (27:28) says אַךְ־כׇּל־חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽי״י֜ מִכׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל כׇּל־חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קׇֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַי״יֽ  The Ralbag explains חרם is הנה זה החרם הוא מה שיקדיש איש בזה הלשון שמורה על השחתה והפסד; והרצון בו שלא יגיע ממנו עוד תועלת לבעלים.  There are two ways one can understand this halacha.  Is it a regular act of making one’s property בדק הבית or is it a separate act of declaring the property חרם and that causes a chalos of hekdesh on the property? 

A simple proof can be brought from our parsha.  In regard to being makdish a שדה אחוזה its redeemed according to the set amount the Torah gives.  However, when one says his field is חרם then its redeemed according to its market value.

The Gemorah in Arachin 29a says that the law of חרמים to kohan only applies when the yoval applies.  Rashi understands that the same law applies to חרמים להקדש.  It seems from here that חרמים are distinct from regular hekdesh.

The Rambam writes in his perush hamishna Temurah (7:3) that charem is the same thing as kodshai bedek habais with just a different name.  It would seem that he holds that making a חרם is the same thing as making something hekdesh.  He follows לשיטתו in Arachin 8:11 and rules that the law of חרמים להקדש applies even when yoval doesn’t apply.  He holds חרמים to hekdesh has the same status as being makdish to bedek habais (based upon Mishnas Rav Aharon Nedarim #13, see there how he learns the Rambam differently.)