What is the difference between the דכפין that we invite to eat and the יצטרך that we invite to partake in the pesach? Why are some invited to partake of the pesach and some invited to eat? השתא הכא, לשנה הבאה בארעא דישראל, השתא עבדי, לשנה הבאה בני חורין. What is the difference between being in Eretz Yisroel and בני חורין?
The number four is greatly associated with the seder. There are four sons, four cups of wine, four terminologies of geulah. However, almost behind the scenes, the four become 5. There is a fifth cup of wine which is dubbed the cup of Eliyahu according to many customs. This in turn corresponds to a fifth terminology of geulah. In addition, Rav Levi Yitzchak Schneerson notes that there is a fifth son in the hagaddah which goes unmentioned. To save my hand from typing I will just paste what he writes and for further explanation see this video:
What is the nature of this hidden fifth column? I believe the answer lies in the words of Rav Levi Yitzchak. The four sons correspond to the hashpa Elokis that is revealed. The 5 gevurot and 3 chassadim correspond to 8 times the name יקוק which is the numerical value of 208 which is the same as the 4 sons, בן*4 = 208. The fifth son is hinted to in the 4 times it says אחד = 13*4 = 52, another בן. This corresponds to the two names of יקוק, 26*2 of the "hidden chassadim." The fifth son is not yet present. The fifth terminology, the fifth cup, is for the ultimate redemption which was a process started at yitziat mitzraim but has not yet been completed. At the seder we emphasize 4 which embodies yizias mitzraim but we hint to the ultimate redemption which is hinted to in the number 5. (The four corresponds to the four lower levels of the neshema and 5 corresponds to the yechida, ואכ"מ.) The four terminologies, the four sons, correspond to four paths on the way to freedom and the ultimate geulah, the ultimate freedom, its the fifth step, the fifth son.
The passage of הא לחמא עניא is describing all five of these steps. אכלו אבהתנא בארעא דמצרים refers to the lowest level which is that we were trapped in Egypt and had to get out. כל דכפין ייתי ויכול refers to the next step, after leaving servitude, one is looking to merely eat, to survive on his/her own. After looking to merely survive, one can then have their spiritual awakening and look to fulfill mitzvot, the korban pesach. The next stage is to be established בארעא דישראל, as part of a unified nation settled in one's own practices. The fifth and final stage is בני חורין. This level will be obtained in the future when the nefesh is totally free and the pursuit of mankind will be to come close to G-d. On Pesach we celebrate the four levels of freedom that were accomplished through yitzias mitzraim and take a sneak peak at the ultimate redemption (based upon this article.)
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