The Shem M'Shmuel asks why is it that Adam and Noach were born circumcised, but Avrohom was not born that way, rather had a command to circumcise himself?
The midrash (56:10) explains how the name Yerushalayim developed: אַבְרָהָם קָרָא אוֹתוֹ יִרְאֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרָא אַבְרָהָם שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא ה' יִרְאֶה. שֵׁם קָרָא אוֹתוֹ שָׁלֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בראשית (יד:יח) וּמַלְכִּי צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ שָׁלֵם, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם קוֹרֵא אֲנִי אוֹתוֹ יִרְאֶה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁקָּרָא אוֹתוֹ אַבְרָהָם, שֵׁם אָדָם צַדִּיק מִתְרָעֵם, וְאִם קוֹרֵא אֲנִי אוֹתוֹ שָׁלֵם, אַבְרָהָם אָדָם צַדִּיק מִתְרָעֵם, אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי קוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם כְּמוֹ שֶׁקָּרְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם, יִרְאֶה שָׁלֵם, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם. Why did Shem call it שָׁלֵם and Avrohom call it יִרְאֶה,why did they give it different names?
These differences show us a complete different outlook between Noach and Avrohom. Noach believed that since his entire generation was doing the wrong thing, in order to remain a צדיק, he had to separate himself from the rest of the world. Avrohom on the other hand believed in preaching to the world and trying to teach the proper outlook to the idol worshipers around him.
The Mishna in Avos (5:2) says עשרה דורות מאדם ועד נח, להודיע כמה ארך אפים לפניו, שכל הדורות היו מכעיסין ובאין עד שהביא עליהם את מי המבול.
עשרה דורות מנח ועד אברהם, להודיע כמה ארך אפים לפניו, שכל הדורות היו מכעיסין ובאין, עד שבא אברהם וקבל [עליו] שכר כולם. Why does Avrohom receive the reward of the generations before him, but not Noach? Because Avrohom attempted to teach those around him, he is able to receive their reward for it is to his credit all of the good that they did. Noach isn't deserving of receiving reward of those around him for he didn't play any role in any good that they might have done.
The milah represents the ability to bring kedusha into the tumah of the world. One is able to transform the world in a physical form through a mitzvah. That ability was devoid of Noach. He had to remain separate from the tumah of the world, he had to be born mahul. It is only Avrohom that has the ability to have an affect on the world. This Weltanschauung is expressed in the different names given to Yerushalayim. Shem, the son of Noach follows the view that the zenith of spirituality is self perfection, שלימות, hence he gives that name to the holiest city. Avrohom feels that its about the world feeling יראת שמים, and hence he dubs that as the name of Yerushalayim.
Rashi at the beginning of Vayerah says באלני ממרא – כדמפרש בבראשית רבה (בראשית רבה מ״ב:ח׳): הוא שנתן לו עצה על המילה לפיכך נגלה עליו בחלקו. Rav Hirsch says the Torah points out that Avrohom was still attached to Mamrei dispite the fact that he know had a bris milah. This additional kedusha didn't separate Avrohom from his mission of teaching others. In his words: היכן הוא יושב? "באלוני ממרא"! הוא נמצא עדיין עם ענר, אשכול, וממרא, שהיו לא "אנשי בריתו" אלא "בעלי ברית אברהם" (עיין פירוש לעיל יד, יג); כ"בעלי ברית" הם צירפו אותו לקבוצתם. למרות שעתה אברהם הוא נימול, נותרו יחסיו עם בני המין האנושי מחוץ לתחום המצומצם שלו ללא שינוי.
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