Wednesday, February 3, 2021

Yisro's Bris

Rashi says that the name of Yisro was Yeser and after he converted a letter was added to his name and he became Yisro.  The Maharal explains why a vav was added "יש לפרש דלכך הוסיפו לו וי"ו כנגד תרי"ג מצות, וג' מצות שיש לגר שבהן נעשה גר, והוא מילה טבילה וקרבן, והוא מספר 'יתרו', ולכך אמר 'כשנתגייר וקיים המצות'. ואף על גב דמילה בכלל תרי"ג מצות, גבי גר אין לומר כך, דהא עדיין אינו ישראל עד שיטבול, ואם כן אין זה ממצות שהוא חייב לקיים אותם. אבל מצות המילה שהגר חייב בה הוא למול את בנו (קדושין כט. ), ובמילת עצמו נעשה גר. ולפיכך יש כאן ג' מצות שבהן נתגייר, ותרי"ג מצות גם כן, וכולם קיים יתרו, לכך הוסיפו לו וי"ו." 

We see from the Maharal that the milah that one does to convert is a separate mitzvah from the obligation of a yisroel to have a milah.  With this we can understand a point of the Rogatchover.  He points out (Milah 1:7) that the law of completing the milah on the ציצין שאין מעכבין are not said regarding the milah for becoming a convert.  Why not?  In light of this Maharal we understand that the law of completing the milah on the ציצין שאין מעכבין is hiddur mitzvah and hiddur mitzvah applies to the mitzvah of a Jew, not of a gentile (see Shearis Yosef volume 2 end of siman 1.)  

The Achronim (Panim Yafos in Nitzavim) ask how could Yisro give himself a bris milah (see Sanhedrin 94a and Rashi there,) if it was a danger to do milah in the midbar?  The Achronim discuss what is the din if a person can't do milah because it is dangerous can he become a convert without milah (see Achiezer volume 4 #45-46 and Sriday Aish volume 2 #67)?  One of the sides to the question may be if the milah is that part of converting he must fulfill the mitzvah of milah like a yisroel, then he would have the same exemption as a yisroel is it is dangerous.  However, if it is a separate command as part of the conversion process he must do milah like the Maharal would presumably hold, then if he doesn't do milah he can't become a convert.  (The Chasam Sofer Yorah Deah teshuva 1 and 300 answers a contradiction in Rebbe Yose if milah needs to be done lishma by differentiating between the milah of conversion which needs to be lisma as opposed to milas yisroel which does not.  However, that may be because the milah also plays a role in the conversion but does not prove it isn't a fulfillment that a yisroel has to do milah.)  

The Oznaim L'torah brings a proof from the fact that Yisro did milah even though it was dangerous that one can't become a convert unless milah is done and therefore Yisro did the milah even though it was a danger.

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